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Ich versuche, ein sehr schön-bunten Feuerwerk mit Tkinter (Python) zu erstellen, Obwohl es für mich nicht funktioniert hat. Das Problem ist, dass die Feuerwerkskörper in der Explosion (Rocket-Klasse) nicht aufhören und ich habe keine Ahnung warum. Ich habe schon viele Dinge ausprobiert, aber es ist nicht besser geworden.mit Tkinter Fireworks zu erstellen
** Hinweis: die Klasse, von der ich spreche, heißt Rocket, wo sich das Partikel bewegt und explodiert und hört nicht auf zu explodieren ** - ich habe die Partikelklasse und die Feuerwerksklasse verwendet, also müsste man nicht lesen der ganze Code nur diese Teile.
Mein Code:
import tkinter as tk
from time import time, sleep
from random import choice, uniform, randint
from math import sin, cos, radians
from sys import modules
GRAVITY = 30 # you can play around with this if you want
class Particle:
"""Generic class for particles.
Particles can be emitted by Fireworks objects. They are displayed for a
specified lifespan and then removed from the canvas.
Attributes:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
cid (Tk.canvas): the tkinter canvas id for the particle.
x (float): x-coordinate of the particle.
y (float): y-coordinate of the particle.
vx (float): x-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
vy (float): y-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
color (str): color of the particle.
age (float): age of the particle.
lifespan (float): lifespan of the particle (in seconds).
"""
def __init__(self, cv=None, color='white', x=0., y=0.,
vx=0., vy=0., lifespan=5.):
"""Init Particle objects.
Args:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
x (float): x-coordinate of the particle.
Defaults to 0.0.
y (float): y-coordinate of the particle.
Defaults to 0.0.
vx (float): x-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
Defaults to 0.0.
vy (float): y-velocity of the particle (in pixels per second).
Defaults to 0.0.
color (str): color of the particle.
Defaults to 'white'.
lifespan (float): lifespan of the particle (in seconds).
Defaults to 5.0.
"""
self.cv = cv
self.cid = None
self.x, self.y = x, y
self.vx, self.vy = vx, vy
self.color = color
self.age, self.lifespan = 0, lifespan
def update(self, dt):
"""Update position and velocity after dt seconds have passed.
Args:
dt (float): the time that has passed after the last update (in s).
"""
self.age += dt
if self.alive():
self.vy += GRAVITY * dt
self.x += self.vx * dt
self.y += self.vy * dt
self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx * dt, self.vy * dt)
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
def alive(self):
"""Check if particle is still within its lifespan."""
return self.age <= self.lifespan
class SquareParticle(Particle):
"""A Particle with a quadratic shape"""
def __init__(self, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_polygon(
x - size, y - size, x + size, y - size,
x + size, y + size, x - size, y + size,
fill=self.color)
class TriangleParticle(Particle):
"""A Particle with a triangular shape"""
def __init__(self, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_polygon(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y - size, x, y + size,
fill=self.color)
class CircularParticle(Particle):
"""A Particle with a circular shape."""
def __init__(self, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_oval(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y + size, fill=self.color)
class Fireworks:
"""Generic class for fireworks.
The main "behavior" of a fireworks is specified via its update method.
E.g., new particles can be emitted and added to the particle list. The
Fireworks base class automatically updates all particles from the particle
list in its update method.
Attributes:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the fireworks is drawn.
age (float): age of the fireworks.
particles (list of Particle): list of generated particles.
"""
def __init__(self, cv=None):
"""Init Fireworks objects.
Args:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
"""
self.cv = cv
self.age = 0
self.particles = []
def update(self, dt):
"""Update the fireworks' particles and remove dead ones.
Args:
dt (float): the time that has passed after the last update (in s).
"""
self.age += dt
for p in self.particles:
p.update(dt)
for i in range(len(self.particles) - 1, -1, -1):
if not self.particles[i].alive():
del self.particles[i]
class Volcano(Fireworks):
"""A volcano that continuously emits colored particles.
Attributes:
x (float): x-coordinate of the volcano.
pps (float): the number of particles to spawn per second.
colors (list of string): the colors of the particles to spawn."""
def __init__(self, cv, x, pps, colors):
"""Init Volcano objects.
Args:
cv (Tk.canvas): the canvas in which the particle is drawn.
x (float): x-coordinate of the volcano.
pps (float): the number of particles to spawn per second.
colors (list of string): the colors of the particles to spawn.
"""
super().__init__(cv)
self.cid = cv.create_polygon(x - 12, 530, # size and color are fixed
x + 12, 530, # (can be parametrized)
x, 500,
fill="orange")
self.x = x
self.pps = pps
self.colors = colors
self._tospawn = 0
def update(self, dt):
"""Continuously emits new random particles and updates them.
Args:
dt (float): the time that has passed after the last update (in s).
"""
super().update(dt)
self._tospawn += self.pps * dt
color = self.colors[int(self.age/3) % len(self.colors)]
for i in range(int(self._tospawn)):
ptype = choice(
[SquareParticle, TriangleParticle, CircularParticle])
angle = uniform(-0.25, 0.25)
speed = -uniform(80.0, 120.0)
vx = sin(angle) * speed
vy = cos(angle) * speed
self.particles.append(
ptype(cv=self.cv, x=self.x, y=500, color=color, vx=vx, vy=vy))
self._tospawn -= int(self._tospawn)
class Rocket(Particle, Fireworks):
def __init__(self, cv, x=0., y=0., size=2., **kwargs):
super().__init__(cv, x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
self.cid = self.cv.create_oval(
x - size, y - size, x + size,
y + size, fill=self.color)
self.x = x
self.pps = 100
self.colors = ['red']
self._tospawn = 0
self.particles = []
def update(self, dt):
self.age += dt
if self.alive():
self.vy += -GRAVITY * dt
self.x += self.vx * dt
self.y += self.vy * dt
self.cv.move(self.cid, self.vx * dt, self.vy * dt)
elif self.cid is not None:
cv.delete(self.cid)
self.cid = None
if self.cid is None:
Fireworks.update(self, dt)
color = self.colors[int(self.age/3) % len(self.colors)]
self._tospawn += self.pps * dt
for i in range(int(self._tospawn)):
ptype = choice(
[CircularParticle])
angle = uniform(-100, 100)
speed = -uniform(80, 120.0)
vx = sin(angle) * speed
vy = cos(angle) * speed
self.particles.append(
ptype(cv=self.cv, x=self.x, y=self.y, color=color, vx=vx, vy=vy))
self._tospawn -= self.pps * dt
def simulate(cv, objects):
"""Fireworks simulation loop.
Args:
cv (float): the canvas in which the firework objects are drawn.
objects (float): the firework objects.
"""
t = time()
while running:
sleep(0.01)
tnew = time()
t, dt = tnew, tnew - t
for o in objects:
o.update(dt)
cv.update()
def close(*ignore):
"""Stops simulation loop and closes the window."""
global running
running = False
root.destroy()
if __name__ == '__main__':
x = 10
root = tk.Tk()
cv = tk.Canvas(root, height=600, width=800)
cv.create_rectangle(0, 0, 800, 600, fill="black") # sky
cv.create_rectangle(0, 450, 800, 600, fill="gray11") # ground
cv.pack()
v1 = Volcano(cv, 400, 100, ["red", "green", "gold"])
ro = Rocket(cv, 600, 500)
objects = [v1, ro]
# close with [ESC] or (x) button
root.bind('<Escape>', close)
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close)
running = True
root.after(500, simulate, cv, objects)
if "idlelib" not in modules:
root.mainloop()
Für mich ist es wichtiger zu untersteht, warum das passiert ist, so wäre es sehr schön, wenn ich innerhalb bekommen Erklärung.
Verwenden Sie 'print()', um zu sehen, welcher Teil des Codes ausgeführt wird und welche Werte Sie in Variablen haben. – furas
Ich Code ausführen und Rockec stoppt nur, wenn ich Fenster verschiebe. – furas