Ersetzen akzentuierte Zeichen mit einfachen ASCII diejenigen

Question

Ich brauche eine Liste von Nachnamen in alphanumerische Benutzernamen zu drehen, aber leider einige von ihnen nicht-ASCII-Zeichen enthalten:

Hernández 
Quermançós 
Migueláñez 

Nun wäre eine Möglichkeit, nur einen regulären Ausdruck zu verwenden, um nicht alphanumerische Zeichen wie a.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/gi,'') zu entfernen. Eine intuitivere Lösung (zumindest für den Benutzer) wäre jedoch, akzentuierte Zeichen durch ihr "einfaches" Äquivalent zu ersetzen, z. Wende á, á in a, und ç in c, etc. Gibt es eine einfache Möglichkeit, dies in Javascript zu tun?

Answer 1

Die korrekte Terminologie für solche Akzente ist Diacritics. Nach dem Googeln dieses Begriffs fand ich this function, die Teil von backbone.paginator ist. Es hat eine sehr komplette Sammlung von Diakritika und ersetzt sie durch ihren intuitivsten Ascii-Charakter. Ich fand, dass dies die vollständigste Javascript-Lösung ist, die heute verfügbar ist.

Die volle Funktion für zukünftige Referenz:

function removeDiacritics (str) { 

    var defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap = [ 
    {'base':'A', 'letters':/[\u0041\u24B6\uFF21\u00C0\u00C1\u00C2\u1EA6\u1EA4\u1EAA\u1EA8\u00C3\u0100\u0102\u1EB0\u1EAE\u1EB4\u1EB2\u0226\u01E0\u00C4\u01DE\u1EA2\u00C5\u01FA\u01CD\u0200\u0202\u1EA0\u1EAC\u1EB6\u1E00\u0104\u023A\u2C6F]/g}, 
    {'base':'AA','letters':/[\uA732]/g}, 
    {'base':'AE','letters':/[\u00C6\u01FC\u01E2]/g}, 
    {'base':'AO','letters':/[\uA734]/g}, 
    {'base':'AU','letters':/[\uA736]/g}, 
    {'base':'AV','letters':/[\uA738\uA73A]/g}, 
    {'base':'AY','letters':/[\uA73C]/g}, 
    {'base':'B', 'letters':/[\u0042\u24B7\uFF22\u1E02\u1E04\u1E06\u0243\u0182\u0181]/g}, 
    {'base':'C', 'letters':/[\u0043\u24B8\uFF23\u0106\u0108\u010A\u010C\u00C7\u1E08\u0187\u023B\uA73E]/g}, 
    {'base':'D', 'letters':/[\u0044\u24B9\uFF24\u1E0A\u010E\u1E0C\u1E10\u1E12\u1E0E\u0110\u018B\u018A\u0189\uA779]/g}, 
    {'base':'DZ','letters':/[\u01F1\u01C4]/g}, 
    {'base':'Dz','letters':/[\u01F2\u01C5]/g}, 
    {'base':'E', 'letters':/[\u0045\u24BA\uFF25\u00C8\u00C9\u00CA\u1EC0\u1EBE\u1EC4\u1EC2\u1EBC\u0112\u1E14\u1E16\u0114\u0116\u00CB\u1EBA\u011A\u0204\u0206\u1EB8\u1EC6\u0228\u1E1C\u0118\u1E18\u1E1A\u0190\u018E]/g}, 
    {'base':'F', 'letters':/[\u0046\u24BB\uFF26\u1E1E\u0191\uA77B]/g}, 
    {'base':'G', 'letters':/[\u0047\u24BC\uFF27\u01F4\u011C\u1E20\u011E\u0120\u01E6\u0122\u01E4\u0193\uA7A0\uA77D\uA77E]/g}, 
    {'base':'H', 'letters':/[\u0048\u24BD\uFF28\u0124\u1E22\u1E26\u021E\u1E24\u1E28\u1E2A\u0126\u2C67\u2C75\uA78D]/g}, 
    {'base':'I', 'letters':/[\u0049\u24BE\uFF29\u00CC\u00CD\u00CE\u0128\u012A\u012C\u0130\u00CF\u1E2E\u1EC8\u01CF\u0208\u020A\u1ECA\u012E\u1E2C\u0197]/g}, 
    {'base':'J', 'letters':/[\u004A\u24BF\uFF2A\u0134\u0248]/g}, 
    {'base':'K', 'letters':/[\u004B\u24C0\uFF2B\u1E30\u01E8\u1E32\u0136\u1E34\u0198\u2C69\uA740\uA742\uA744\uA7A2]/g}, 
    {'base':'L', 'letters':/[\u004C\u24C1\uFF2C\u013F\u0139\u013D\u1E36\u1E38\u013B\u1E3C\u1E3A\u0141\u023D\u2C62\u2C60\uA748\uA746\uA780]/g}, 
    {'base':'LJ','letters':/[\u01C7]/g}, 
    {'base':'Lj','letters':/[\u01C8]/g}, 
    {'base':'M', 'letters':/[\u004D\u24C2\uFF2D\u1E3E\u1E40\u1E42\u2C6E\u019C]/g}, 
    {'base':'N', 'letters':/[\u004E\u24C3\uFF2E\u01F8\u0143\u00D1\u1E44\u0147\u1E46\u0145\u1E4A\u1E48\u0220\u019D\uA790\uA7A4]/g}, 
    {'base':'NJ','letters':/[\u01CA]/g}, 
    {'base':'Nj','letters':/[\u01CB]/g}, 
    {'base':'O', 'letters':/[\u004F\u24C4\uFF2F\u00D2\u00D3\u00D4\u1ED2\u1ED0\u1ED6\u1ED4\u00D5\u1E4C\u022C\u1E4E\u014C\u1E50\u1E52\u014E\u022E\u0230\u00D6\u022A\u1ECE\u0150\u01D1\u020C\u020E\u01A0\u1EDC\u1EDA\u1EE0\u1EDE\u1EE2\u1ECC\u1ED8\u01EA\u01EC\u00D8\u01FE\u0186\u019F\uA74A\uA74C]/g}, 
    {'base':'OI','letters':/[\u01A2]/g}, 
    {'base':'OO','letters':/[\uA74E]/g}, 
    {'base':'OU','letters':/[\u0222]/g}, 
    {'base':'P', 'letters':/[\u0050\u24C5\uFF30\u1E54\u1E56\u01A4\u2C63\uA750\uA752\uA754]/g}, 
    {'base':'Q', 'letters':/[\u0051\u24C6\uFF31\uA756\uA758\u024A]/g}, 
    {'base':'R', 'letters':/[\u0052\u24C7\uFF32\u0154\u1E58\u0158\u0210\u0212\u1E5A\u1E5C\u0156\u1E5E\u024C\u2C64\uA75A\uA7A6\uA782]/g}, 
    {'base':'S', 'letters':/[\u0053\u24C8\uFF33\u1E9E\u015A\u1E64\u015C\u1E60\u0160\u1E66\u1E62\u1E68\u0218\u015E\u2C7E\uA7A8\uA784]/g}, 
    {'base':'T', 'letters':/[\u0054\u24C9\uFF34\u1E6A\u0164\u1E6C\u021A\u0162\u1E70\u1E6E\u0166\u01AC\u01AE\u023E\uA786]/g}, 
    {'base':'TZ','letters':/[\uA728]/g}, 
    {'base':'U', 'letters':/[\u0055\u24CA\uFF35\u00D9\u00DA\u00DB\u0168\u1E78\u016A\u1E7A\u016C\u00DC\u01DB\u01D7\u01D5\u01D9\u1EE6\u016E\u0170\u01D3\u0214\u0216\u01AF\u1EEA\u1EE8\u1EEE\u1EEC\u1EF0\u1EE4\u1E72\u0172\u1E76\u1E74\u0244]/g}, 
    {'base':'V', 'letters':/[\u0056\u24CB\uFF36\u1E7C\u1E7E\u01B2\uA75E\u0245]/g}, 
    {'base':'VY','letters':/[\uA760]/g}, 
    {'base':'W', 'letters':/[\u0057\u24CC\uFF37\u1E80\u1E82\u0174\u1E86\u1E84\u1E88\u2C72]/g}, 
    {'base':'X', 'letters':/[\u0058\u24CD\uFF38\u1E8A\u1E8C]/g}, 
    {'base':'Y', 'letters':/[\u0059\u24CE\uFF39\u1EF2\u00DD\u0176\u1EF8\u0232\u1E8E\u0178\u1EF6\u1EF4\u01B3\u024E\u1EFE]/g}, 
    {'base':'Z', 'letters':/[\u005A\u24CF\uFF3A\u0179\u1E90\u017B\u017D\u1E92\u1E94\u01B5\u0224\u2C7F\u2C6B\uA762]/g}, 
    {'base':'a', 'letters':/[\u0061\u24D0\uFF41\u1E9A\u00E0\u00E1\u00E2\u1EA7\u1EA5\u1EAB\u1EA9\u00E3\u0101\u0103\u1EB1\u1EAF\u1EB5\u1EB3\u0227\u01E1\u00E4\u01DF\u1EA3\u00E5\u01FB\u01CE\u0201\u0203\u1EA1\u1EAD\u1EB7\u1E01\u0105\u2C65\u0250]/g}, 
    {'base':'aa','letters':/[\uA733]/g}, 
    {'base':'ae','letters':/[\u00E6\u01FD\u01E3]/g}, 
    {'base':'ao','letters':/[\uA735]/g}, 
    {'base':'au','letters':/[\uA737]/g}, 
    {'base':'av','letters':/[\uA739\uA73B]/g}, 
    {'base':'ay','letters':/[\uA73D]/g}, 
    {'base':'b', 'letters':/[\u0062\u24D1\uFF42\u1E03\u1E05\u1E07\u0180\u0183\u0253]/g}, 
    {'base':'c', 'letters':/[\u0063\u24D2\uFF43\u0107\u0109\u010B\u010D\u00E7\u1E09\u0188\u023C\uA73F\u2184]/g}, 
    {'base':'d', 'letters':/[\u0064\u24D3\uFF44\u1E0B\u010F\u1E0D\u1E11\u1E13\u1E0F\u0111\u018C\u0256\u0257\uA77A]/g}, 
    {'base':'dz','letters':/[\u01F3\u01C6]/g}, 
    {'base':'e', 'letters':/[\u0065\u24D4\uFF45\u00E8\u00E9\u00EA\u1EC1\u1EBF\u1EC5\u1EC3\u1EBD\u0113\u1E15\u1E17\u0115\u0117\u00EB\u1EBB\u011B\u0205\u0207\u1EB9\u1EC7\u0229\u1E1D\u0119\u1E19\u1E1B\u0247\u025B\u01DD]/g}, 
    {'base':'f', 'letters':/[\u0066\u24D5\uFF46\u1E1F\u0192\uA77C]/g}, 
    {'base':'g', 'letters':/[\u0067\u24D6\uFF47\u01F5\u011D\u1E21\u011F\u0121\u01E7\u0123\u01E5\u0260\uA7A1\u1D79\uA77F]/g}, 
    {'base':'h', 'letters':/[\u0068\u24D7\uFF48\u0125\u1E23\u1E27\u021F\u1E25\u1E29\u1E2B\u1E96\u0127\u2C68\u2C76\u0265]/g}, 
    {'base':'hv','letters':/[\u0195]/g}, 
    {'base':'i', 'letters':/[\u0069\u24D8\uFF49\u00EC\u00ED\u00EE\u0129\u012B\u012D\u00EF\u1E2F\u1EC9\u01D0\u0209\u020B\u1ECB\u012F\u1E2D\u0268\u0131]/g}, 
    {'base':'j', 'letters':/[\u006A\u24D9\uFF4A\u0135\u01F0\u0249]/g}, 
    {'base':'k', 'letters':/[\u006B\u24DA\uFF4B\u1E31\u01E9\u1E33\u0137\u1E35\u0199\u2C6A\uA741\uA743\uA745\uA7A3]/g}, 
    {'base':'l', 'letters':/[\u006C\u24DB\uFF4C\u0140\u013A\u013E\u1E37\u1E39\u013C\u1E3D\u1E3B\u017F\u0142\u019A\u026B\u2C61\uA749\uA781\uA747]/g}, 
    {'base':'lj','letters':/[\u01C9]/g}, 
    {'base':'m', 'letters':/[\u006D\u24DC\uFF4D\u1E3F\u1E41\u1E43\u0271\u026F]/g}, 
    {'base':'n', 'letters':/[\u006E\u24DD\uFF4E\u01F9\u0144\u00F1\u1E45\u0148\u1E47\u0146\u1E4B\u1E49\u019E\u0272\u0149\uA791\uA7A5]/g}, 
    {'base':'nj','letters':/[\u01CC]/g}, 
    {'base':'o', 'letters':/[\u006F\u24DE\uFF4F\u00F2\u00F3\u00F4\u1ED3\u1ED1\u1ED7\u1ED5\u00F5\u1E4D\u022D\u1E4F\u014D\u1E51\u1E53\u014F\u022F\u0231\u00F6\u022B\u1ECF\u0151\u01D2\u020D\u020F\u01A1\u1EDD\u1EDB\u1EE1\u1EDF\u1EE3\u1ECD\u1ED9\u01EB\u01ED\u00F8\u01FF\u0254\uA74B\uA74D\u0275]/g}, 
    {'base':'oi','letters':/[\u01A3]/g}, 
    {'base':'ou','letters':/[\u0223]/g}, 
    {'base':'oo','letters':/[\uA74F]/g}, 
    {'base':'p','letters':/[\u0070\u24DF\uFF50\u1E55\u1E57\u01A5\u1D7D\uA751\uA753\uA755]/g}, 
    {'base':'q','letters':/[\u0071\u24E0\uFF51\u024B\uA757\uA759]/g}, 
    {'base':'r','letters':/[\u0072\u24E1\uFF52\u0155\u1E59\u0159\u0211\u0213\u1E5B\u1E5D\u0157\u1E5F\u024D\u027D\uA75B\uA7A7\uA783]/g}, 
    {'base':'s','letters':/[\u0073\u24E2\uFF53\u00DF\u015B\u1E65\u015D\u1E61\u0161\u1E67\u1E63\u1E69\u0219\u015F\u023F\uA7A9\uA785\u1E9B]/g}, 
    {'base':'t','letters':/[\u0074\u24E3\uFF54\u1E6B\u1E97\u0165\u1E6D\u021B\u0163\u1E71\u1E6F\u0167\u01AD\u0288\u2C66\uA787]/g}, 
    {'base':'tz','letters':/[\uA729]/g}, 
    {'base':'u','letters':/[\u0075\u24E4\uFF55\u00F9\u00FA\u00FB\u0169\u1E79\u016B\u1E7B\u016D\u00FC\u01DC\u01D8\u01D6\u01DA\u1EE7\u016F\u0171\u01D4\u0215\u0217\u01B0\u1EEB\u1EE9\u1EEF\u1EED\u1EF1\u1EE5\u1E73\u0173\u1E77\u1E75\u0289]/g}, 
    {'base':'v','letters':/[\u0076\u24E5\uFF56\u1E7D\u1E7F\u028B\uA75F\u028C]/g}, 
    {'base':'vy','letters':/[\uA761]/g}, 
    {'base':'w','letters':/[\u0077\u24E6\uFF57\u1E81\u1E83\u0175\u1E87\u1E85\u1E98\u1E89\u2C73]/g}, 
    {'base':'x','letters':/[\u0078\u24E7\uFF58\u1E8B\u1E8D]/g}, 
    {'base':'y','letters':/[\u0079\u24E8\uFF59\u1EF3\u00FD\u0177\u1EF9\u0233\u1E8F\u00FF\u1EF7\u1E99\u1EF5\u01B4\u024F\u1EFF]/g}, 
    {'base':'z','letters':/[\u007A\u24E9\uFF5A\u017A\u1E91\u017C\u017E\u1E93\u1E95\u01B6\u0225\u0240\u2C6C\uA763]/g} 
    ]; 

    for(var i=0; i<defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap.length; i++) { 
    str = str.replace(defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap[i].letters, defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap[i].base); 
    } 

    return str; 

} 

Answer 2

Da diese Zeichen in der Unicode-Tabelle keine mathematische Beziehung zu ihrer ‚Ebene Äquivalente‘ haben, werden Sie sie mit so etwas wie dies manuell ersetzen:

function cleanUpSpecialChars(str) 
{ 
    str = str.replace(/[ÀÁÂÃÄÅ]/g,"A"); 
    str = str.replace(/[àáâãäå]/g,"a"); 
    str = str.replace(/[ÈÉÊË]/g,"E"); 
    //.... all the rest 
    return str.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/gi,''); // final clean up 
} 

Der Fall-unempfindlich Option nicht funktioniert diese Zeichen, so müssen Sie es für die Klein- und Großbuchstaben Varianten von ihnen tun.

Answer 3

Sagen Sie bitte ein Wörterbuch haben wie:

var dict = {"á":"a", "á":"a", "ç":"c"} 

dann tun eine Funktion wie:

a.replace(/[^\w ]/g, function(char) { 
    return dict[char] || char; 
});