Ausdrucksbaum zum Initialisieren eines neuen anonymen Objekts mit einer beliebigen Anzahl von Eigenschaften

Question

Ich versuche LINQ-Ausdrucksbäume zu verwenden, um ein neues anonymes Objekt mit einer Teilmenge von Feldern aus einem übergebenen Objekt zu initialisieren. Die Teilmenge der Felder ist normalerweise eine einzelne Eigenschaft, könnte aber mehr (4 oder so) sein.

Ein Beispiel:

void DoWork(Type t) 
{ 
    //do some work to figure out which properties I want to use 
    List<PropertyInfo>() props = (from p in t.GetProperties() 
            where p.HasAttribute(MyAttribute) 
            select p).ToList(); 

    //now I want to create a lambda expression that's like: 
    // (x=> new {x.Prop1, x.Prop2, ...}) 
    //for each property in the list props 

    //create parameter 
    var param = Expression.Parameter(t,"t"); 
    //get list of expressions for properties 
    var initValues = (from p in props 
         select Expression.PropertyOrField(param, p.Name) 
         ).ToList(); 

    //build expression body 
    Expression body = Expression. //<<<< I have no idea what to do here 

    //create lambda 
    dynamic propLambda = Expression.Lambda(body, param); 

    //use it! MyFunction(x=> new {x.Prop1, x.Prop2,...}); 
    MyFunction(lambda); 
} 

Answer 1

Die schlechte Nachricht: Da Sie im Begriff, den anonymen Typen zur Laufzeit dynamisch erstellen sind, ist es nicht zum Zeitpunkt der Kompilierung existiert, wie es wäre, wenn der Compiler ein new {...} angetroffen in dein Code. Es gibt keinen Weg um Reflection.Emit, der nicht tivial ist.

Die gute Nachricht: Ich habe es schon gemacht, weil ich die gleichen Bedürfnisse hatte. Benutzte ILDASM, um zu sehen, was der Compiler erzeugt und so genau wie möglich nachzuahmen.

So ohne weiteres:

/// <summary> 
/// Creates types that are much like anonymous types. 
/// </summary> 
public static class TupleFactory 
{ 
    // the dynamic module used to emit new types 
    private static readonly ModuleBuilder _module = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(new AssemblyName { Name = nameof(TupleFactory) }, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run).DefineDynamicModule(nameof(TupleFactory), false); 

    // the generic type definitions constructed so far 
    private static readonly Dictionary<ICollection<string>, Type> _genericTypeDefinitions = new Dictionary<ICollection<string>, Type>(CollectionComparer<string>.Default); 

    // the new expression factory singletons constructed so far 
    private static readonly Dictionary<ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, Type>>, ITupleFactory> _newExpressionFactories = new Dictionary<ICollection<KeyValuePair<string, Type>>, ITupleFactory>(new CollectionComparer<KeyValuePair<string, Type>>(KeyValueComparer<string, Type>.Default)); 

    // some reflection objects used 
    private static readonly ConstructorInfo _objectCtor = typeof(object).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes); 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _objectEquals = typeof(object).GetMethod("Equals", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new[] { typeof(object) }, null); 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _objectGetHashCode = typeof(object).GetMethod("GetHashCode", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, Type.EmptyTypes, null); 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _objectToString = typeof(object).GetMethod("ToString", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, Type.EmptyTypes, null); 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _stringFormat = typeof(string).GetMethod("Format", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, null, new[] { typeof(string), typeof(object[]) }, null); 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _equalityComparerDefaultGetter; 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _equalityComparerEquals; 
    private static readonly MethodInfo _equalityComparerGetHashCode; 

    static TupleFactory() 
    { 
     // init more reflection objects 
     _equalityComparerDefaultGetter = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).GetProperty("Default", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static).GetGetMethod(); 
     var eqT = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).GetGenericArguments()[0]; 
     _equalityComparerEquals = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).GetMethod("Equals", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new[] { eqT, eqT }, null); 
     _equalityComparerGetHashCode = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).GetMethod("GetHashCode", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new[] { eqT }, null); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Gets a <see cref="ITupleFactory"/> singleton for a sequence of properties. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <param name="properties">Name/Type pairs for the properties.</param> 
    public static ITupleFactory Create(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, Type>> properties) 
    { 
     // check input 
     if (properties == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(properties)); 
     var propList = properties.ToList(); 
     if (propList.Select(p => p.Key).Distinct().Count() != propList.Count) 
      throw new ArgumentException("Property names must be distinct."); 

     lock (_module) // locks access to the static dictionaries 
     { 
      ITupleFactory result; 
      if (_newExpressionFactories.TryGetValue(propList, out result)) // we already have it 
       return result; 

      var propertyNames = propList.Select(p => p.Key).ToList(); 
      Type genericTypeDefinition; 
      if (!_genericTypeDefinitions.TryGetValue(propertyNames, out genericTypeDefinition)) 
      { 
       #region create new generic type definition 
       { 
        var typeBuilder = _module.DefineType($"<>f__AnonymousType{_newExpressionFactories.Count}`{propertyNames.Count}", TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.AutoClass | TypeAttributes.AnsiClass | TypeAttributes.Sealed | TypeAttributes.BeforeFieldInit); 
        var genParams = propertyNames.Count > 0 
         ? typeBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(propertyNames.Select(p => $"<{p}>j__TPar").ToArray()) 
         : new GenericTypeParameterBuilder[0]; 

        // attributes on type 
        var debuggerDisplay = "\\{ " + string.Join(", ", propertyNames.Select(n => $"{n} = {{{n}}}")) + " }"; 
        // ReSharper disable AssignNullToNotNullAttribute 
        typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeof(DebuggerDisplayAttribute).GetConstructor(new[] { typeof(string) }), new object[] { debuggerDisplay })); 
        typeBuilder.SetCustomAttribute(new CustomAttributeBuilder(typeof(CompilerGeneratedAttribute).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes), new object[0])); 
        // ReSharper restore AssignNullToNotNullAttribute 

        var fields = new List<FieldBuilder>(); 
        var props = new List<PropertyBuilder>(); 
        foreach (var name in propertyNames) 
        { 
         var genParam = genParams[fields.Count]; 

         var field = typeBuilder.DefineField($"<{name}>i__Field", genParam, FieldAttributes.Private | FieldAttributes.InitOnly); 
         fields.Add(field); 

         var property = typeBuilder.DefineProperty(name, PropertyAttributes.None, genParam, null); 
         props.Add(property); 

         var getter = typeBuilder.DefineMethod($"get_{name}", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.SpecialName | MethodAttributes.HideBySig, genParam, Type.EmptyTypes); 
         var il = getter.GetILGenerator(); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); 

         property.SetGetMethod(getter); 
        } 

        #region ctor 
        { 
         // ReSharper disable once CoVariantArrayConversion 
         var ctorBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor(MethodAttributes.Public, CallingConventions.Standard, genParams); 

         var il = ctorBuilder.GetILGenerator(); 

         // call base class ctor 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, _objectCtor); 

         // assign args to fields 
         for (var i = 0; i < fields.Count; i++) 
         { 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); 
          EmitLdarg(il, i + 1); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fields[i]); 
         } 

         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); 
        } 
        #endregion 

        #region override Equals 
        { 
         var equals = typeBuilder.DefineMethod("Equals", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig | MethodAttributes.Virtual, typeof(bool), new[] { typeof(object) }); 
         typeBuilder.DefineMethodOverride(equals, _objectEquals); 

         var il = equals.GetILGenerator(); 
         il.DeclareLocal(typeBuilder); 
         var retFalse = il.DefineLabel(); 
         var ret = il.DefineLabel(); 

         // local = argument as (the type being constructed)? 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Isinst, typeBuilder); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_0); 

         // push result of the "as" operator 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_0); 

         foreach (var field in fields) 
         { 
          var comparer = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).MakeGenericType(field.FieldType); 
          var defaultGetter = TypeBuilder.GetMethod(comparer, _equalityComparerDefaultGetter); 
          var equalsMethod = TypeBuilder.GetMethod(comparer, _equalityComparerEquals); 

          // check if the result of the previous check is false 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Brfalse, retFalse); 

          // push EqualityComparer<FieldType>.Default.Equals(this.field, other.field) 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, defaultGetter); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_0); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, equalsMethod); 
         } 

         // jump to the end with what was the last result 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, ret); 

         // push false 
         il.MarkLabel(retFalse); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); 

         il.MarkLabel(ret); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); 
        } 
        #endregion 

        #region override GetHashCode 
        { 
         var getHashCode = typeBuilder.DefineMethod("GetHashCode", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig | MethodAttributes.Virtual, typeof(int), Type.EmptyTypes); 
         typeBuilder.DefineMethodOverride(getHashCode, _objectGetHashCode); 

         var il = getHashCode.GetILGenerator(); 

         // init result with seed 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, HashCode.Seed); 

         foreach (var field in fields) 
         { 
          var comparer = typeof(EqualityComparer<>).MakeGenericType(field.FieldType); 
          var defaultGetter = TypeBuilder.GetMethod(comparer, _equalityComparerDefaultGetter); 
          var getHashCodeMethod = TypeBuilder.GetMethod(comparer, _equalityComparerGetHashCode); 

          // hash so far * factor 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, HashCode.Factor); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Mul); 

          // ... + EqualityComparer<FieldType>.GetHashCode(field) 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, defaultGetter); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getHashCodeMethod); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Add); 
         } 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); 
        } 
        #endregion 

        #region override ToString 
        { 
         var toString = typeBuilder.DefineMethod("ToString", MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig | MethodAttributes.Virtual, typeof(string), Type.EmptyTypes); 
         typeBuilder.DefineMethodOverride(toString, _objectToString); 

         var template = "{{ " + string.Join(", ", propertyNames.Select((n, i) => $"{n} = {{{i}}}")) + " }}"; 

         var il = toString.GetILGenerator(); 

         // push template 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, template); 

         // push new array 
         EmitLdc(il, fields.Count); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, typeof(object)); 

         var index = 0; 
         foreach (var field in fields) 
         { 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup); // duplicate array ref 
          EmitLdc(il, index); // push array index 

          // store boxed field in array 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, field); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, field.FieldType); 
          il.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem, typeof(object)); 

          index++; 
         } 

         il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, _stringFormat); 
         il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); 
        } 
        #endregion 

        genericTypeDefinition = typeBuilder.CreateType(); 
       } 
       #endregion 

       _genericTypeDefinitions.Add(propertyNames, genericTypeDefinition); 
      } 

      var type = propList.Count == 0 ? genericTypeDefinition : genericTypeDefinition.MakeGenericType(propList.Select(p => p.Value).ToArray()); 
      result = new TupleFactoryImpl(type, propertyNames); 
      _newExpressionFactories.Add(propList, result); 
      return result; 
     } 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Gets a <see cref="NewExpression"/> for a tuple type with the specified properties. 
    /// </summary> 
    public static NewExpression MakeNewExpression(IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, Expression>> properties) 
    { 
     var props = properties.ToList(); 
     var tupleFactory = Create(props.Select(p => new KeyValuePair<string, Type>(p.Key, p.Value.Type))); 
     return tupleFactory.MakeNewExpression(props.Select(p => p.Value)); 
    } 

    private sealed class TupleFactoryImpl : ITupleFactory 
    { 
     public Type TupleType { get; } 
     private readonly ConstructorInfo _ctor; 
     private readonly MemberInfo[] _properties; 

     public TupleFactoryImpl(Type tupleType, IEnumerable<string> propertyNames) 
     { 
      TupleType = tupleType; 

      _ctor = tupleType.GetConstructors().Single(); 
      var propsByName = tupleType.GetProperties().ToDictionary(p => p.Name); 
      _properties = propertyNames.Select(name => (MemberInfo)propsByName[name]).ToArray(); 
     } 

     public NewExpression MakeNewExpression(IEnumerable<Expression> arguments) 
     { 
      return Expression.New(_ctor, arguments, _properties); 
     } 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Helper function to pick the optimal op code. 
    /// </summary> 
    private static void EmitLdarg(ILGenerator il, int index) 
    { 
     if (index < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(); 
     switch (index) 
     { 
      case 0: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); break; 
      case 1: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); break; 
      case 2: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2); break; 
      case 3: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_3); break; 
      default: 
       if (index <= byte.MaxValue) 
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte)index); 
       else if (index <= short.MaxValue) 
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, (short)index); 
       else 
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(); 
       break; 
     } 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Helper function to pick the optimal op code. 
    /// </summary> 
    private static void EmitLdc(ILGenerator il, int i) 
    { 
     switch (i) 
     { 
      case -1: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1); break; 
      case 0: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); break; 
      case 1: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1); break; 
      case 2: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_2); break; 
      case 3: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_3); break; 
      case 4: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_4); break; 
      case 5: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_5); break; 
      case 6: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_6); break; 
      case 7: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_7); break; 
      case 8: il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_8); break; 
      default: 
       if (i >= byte.MinValue && i <= byte.MaxValue) 
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_S, (byte)i); 
       else 
        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, i); 
       break; 
     } 
    } 
} 

/// <summary> 
/// Compute a hash code. 
/// </summary> 
public struct HashCode 
{ 
    // magic numbers for hash code 
    public const int Seed = 0x20e699b; 
    public const int Factor = unchecked((int)0xa5555529); 

    private readonly int? _value; 

    private HashCode(int value) 
    { 
     _value = value; 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Convert to the actual hash code based on what was added so far. 
    /// </summary> 
    public static implicit operator int(HashCode hc) => hc._value ?? 0; 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Add a hash code to the state. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <returns>An updated <see cref="HashCode"/>.</returns> 
    public static HashCode operator +(HashCode hc, int other) => new HashCode(unchecked((hc._value == null ? Seed : hc._value.Value * Factor) + other)); 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Add a sequence of hash code to the state. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <returns>An updated <see cref="HashCode"/>.</returns> 
    public static HashCode operator +(HashCode hc, IEnumerable<int> others) => others.Aggregate(hc, (a, c) => a + c); 
} 

/// <summary> 
/// <see cref="IEqualityComparer{T}"/> for <see cref="KeyValuePair{TKey, TValue}"/>. 
/// </summary> 
public sealed class KeyValueComparer<TKey, TValue> : IEqualityComparer<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> 
{ 
    /// <summary> 
    /// Gets the singleton. 
    /// </summary> 
    public static KeyValueComparer<TKey, TValue> Default { get; } = new KeyValueComparer<TKey, TValue>(); 

    private readonly IEqualityComparer<TKey> _keyComparer; 
    private readonly IEqualityComparer<TValue> _valueComparer; 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Initialize by specifying <see cref="IEqualityComparer{T}"/>s for key and value. 
    /// </summary> 
    public KeyValueComparer(IEqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer = null, IEqualityComparer<TValue> valueComparer = null) 
    { 
     _keyComparer = keyComparer ?? EqualityComparer<TKey>.Default; 
     _valueComparer = valueComparer ?? EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default; 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Equality. 
    /// </summary> 
    public bool Equals(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> x, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> y) => _keyComparer.Equals(x.Key, y.Key) && _valueComparer.Equals(x.Value, y.Value); 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Hash code. 
    /// </summary> 
    public int GetHashCode(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> obj) => new HashCode() + _keyComparer.GetHashCode(obj.Key) + _valueComparer.GetHashCode(obj.Value); 
} 

/// <summary> 
/// <see cref="IEqualityComparer{T}"/> for a collection. 
/// </summary> 
public sealed class CollectionComparer<TElement> : IEqualityComparer<ICollection<TElement>> 
{ 
    /// <summary> 
    /// Gets an instance using <see cref="EqualityComparer{T}.Default"/> as the element comparer. 
    /// </summary> 
    public static CollectionComparer<TElement> Default { get; } = new CollectionComparer<TElement>(); 

    private readonly IEqualityComparer<TElement> _elementComparer; 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Initialize with a specific element comparer. 
    /// </summary> 
    public CollectionComparer(IEqualityComparer<TElement> elementComparer = null) 
    { 
     _elementComparer = elementComparer ?? EqualityComparer<TElement>.Default; 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Determines whether the specified objects are equal. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <returns> 
    /// true if the specified objects are equal; otherwise, false. 
    /// </returns> 
    public bool Equals(ICollection<TElement> x, ICollection<TElement> y) 
    { 
     if (x == null) return y == null; 
     if (y == null) return false; 
     return x.Count == y.Count && x.SequenceEqual(y, _elementComparer); 
    } 

    /// <summary> 
    /// Returns a hash code for the specified object. 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <returns> 
    /// A hash code for the specified object. 
    /// </returns> 
    /// <param name="obj">The <see cref="T:System.Object"/> for which a hash code is to be returned.</param> 
    public int GetHashCode(ICollection<TElement> obj) 
    { 
     var result = new HashCode() + typeof(TElement).GetHashCode(); 
     if (obj == null) return result; 
     result += obj.Count; 
     result += obj.Select(element => _elementComparer.GetHashCode(element)); 
     return result; 
    } 
} 

Verbrauch:

void DoWork(Type type) 
{ 
    var props = type.GetProperties().Where(p => p.HasAttribute(MyAttribute)).ToList(); 
    var tupleFactory = TupleFactory.Create(props.Select(p => new KeyValuePair<string, Type>(p.Name, p.PropertyType))); 
    var param = Expression.Parameter(type, "x"); 
    var newEx = tupleFactory.MakeNewExpression(props.Select(p => Expression.Property(param, p))); 
    var lambda = Expression.Lambda(newEx, param); // <-- type is LambdaExpression, not dynamic 
    MyFunction(lambda); 
}